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Learn Python pty to run and test interactive programs, control pseudo-terminals, handle EOF, resize, signals, timeouts, and cleanup.

Learn Python tty to use raw and cbreak modes, read keys, parse sequences, handle Unicode, and safely restore Unix terminals.

Learn Python termios for canonical mode, echo, key reads, baud rate, queues, window size, and safe restoration of POSIX terminals.

Learn Python fcntl for file locks, descriptor flags, ioctl, pipes, and Unix control while avoiding invalid buffers and memory corruption.

Learn Python readline for command history, tab completion, line editing, GNU Readline, libedit, and safer interactive terminal prompts.

Learn Python io for text and binary streams, buffering, encodings, StringIO, BytesIO, raw I/O, and file-like interfaces.

Learn Python select to monitor sockets and pipes, handle partial I/O, backpressure, poll, epoll, signals, and platform differences.

Learn Python signal to handle SIGTERM and SIGINT, stop services, use timers and wakeup file descriptors, and avoid handler deadlocks.