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Learn Python urllib.parse to split URLs, build queries, encode components, and avoid risks involving urljoin, redirects, logs, and SSRF.

Learn Python ipaddress to validate IPv4 and IPv6, calculate CIDR networks, split subnets, summarize ranges, and build safer access policies.

Learn Python queue to coordinate threads with FIFO, priority, backpressure, task tracking, retries, and graceful shutdown.

Learn Python struct to pack binary values, define endianness, reuse buffers, parse records, and validate external protocols safely.

Learn Python tarfile to create compressed TARs, inspect members, and extract archives with filters, limits, and path traversal protection.

Learn Python gzip to read and write .gz files, produce reproducible streams, process large data, and limit external expansion.

Learn Python lzma to create XZ files, process streams, select checks and filters, and enforce memory limits on external data.

Learn Python bz2 to compress files and bytes, process data incrementally, handle concatenated streams, and limit external expansion.