Fundamentals

Master Python slicing with start, stop, step, negative indexes, reversal, shallow copies, slice assignment, deletion, and practical examples.

Understand Python sort() vs sorted(), including mutation, custom keys, reverse order, stable sorting, multiple fields, and common mistakes.

Learn to read, write, append, and process text files in Python with UTF-8 encoding, context managers, pathlib, and practical examples.

Learn Python enumerate() to loop with indexes, choose a custom start value, combine it with zip, process files, and avoid

Learn Pytest in Python from scratch: installation, assert statements, exceptions, test organization, useful commands, and common beginner mistakes.

Learn Python's sys module: check Python version, read command-line args with sys.argv, manage sys.path, use sys.exit(), and measure object size.

Learn how Python's with statement safely opens files: automatic close, read/write modes, CSV handling, multiple files, and context manager basics.